Watergate is a general term for a series of political scandals during the presidency
of Richard Nixon, that began with five men being arrested after breaking and
entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate
hotel complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972. The scandal reached to the
top levels of American government, and the attempted cover-up of the break-in
ultimately led to Nixon's dramatic resignation on August 9, 1974.
Investigations conducted by the FBI, Senate Watergate Committee, House Judiciary
Committee and the press revealed that this burglary was just one of many illegal
activities authorized and carried out by Nixon's staff and those loyal to him. They
also revealed the immense scope of crimes and abuses, which included campaign
fraud, political espionage and sabotage, illegal break-ins, improper tax audits,
illegal wiretapping on a massive scale, and a secret slush fund laundered in Mexico
to pay those who conducted these operations. This secret fund was also used as
hush money to buy silence of the seven men who were indicted for the June 17
break-in.] President Nixon and his staff conspired to cover up the break-in as early
as six days after it occurred.[4] After enduring two years of mounting evidence
against the President and his staff, which included former staff members testifying
against them in a Senate investigation, it was revealed that Nixon had a tape
recording system in his offices and that he had recorded many conversations.
Undeniable evidence, spoken by Nixon and recorded on tape, revealed that he had
obstructed justice and attempted to cover up the break-in. This recorded
conversation later became known as the Smoking Gun. After a series of court
battles, the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled in the United States v.
Nixon the President must hand over the tapes; he ultimately complied. With
certainty of an impeachment in the House of Representatives and of a conviction in
the Senate, Nixon resigned ten days later, becoming the only U.S. President to have
resigned from office